I Am Who (You Say) I Am Issues of Identity in Kincaids Lucy and Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea - Literature Essay Samples

In the beginning of Jean Rhys novel, Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette Cosway, a young creole woman, lives in poverty with her mother, Annette, and her brother, Pierre, on the island of Jamaica. In the society in which they live, Antoinette is oppressed and discriminated against because of her race, class, and gender. Not only does Annette favor Pierre, but the entire family is targeted by the Jamaicans, first because of their race and the fact that they are poor, and later because of their wealth. Life is no better for Lucy Josephine Potter, the native Antiguan title character in Jamaica Kincaids novel, Lucy. Living in Manhattan as an au pair, Lucy is constantly faced with reminders of the oppression she endured in her country, both at the hands of her mother and her British colonizers. She soon realizes that no matter how much distance she places between herself and the past, she cannot escape this oppression. The situations that these two girls face may be similar, but they both deal with them in extremely different ways. While the historical and cultural circumstances in which Antoinette grows up cause her to define herself solely as a victim, Lucy finds strength within the oppression she is forced to endure; as a result, Antoinette is driven into madness while Lucy is able to build an independent life for herself.Due to the patriarchal society in which the Cosways live, Annette is constantly dependant on men. She sees Pierre as someone who will grow up to protect her. Thus, it is not surprising that Annette clearly favors her son over her daughter. As a result of this favoritism, Annette fails to care for Antoinette as well as she cares for Pierre; it never bothers Annette that her daughters clothes are old and dirty until visitors come to their house, at which point she looks at Antoinettes dress and orders the maid, Christophine, to throw away that thing [and] burn it (Rhys 25). It is only then that Annette realizes that her daughter does not own any clean, decent dresses. Despite her mothers neglect, Antoinette always strives to be a good daughter. When she finds her mother frowning, she lovingly attempts to smooth out the wrinkles on her forehead. Yet Annette only [pushes Antoinette] away . . . calmly, coldly, without a word, as if she [has] decided once and for all that [she is] useless to her. Instead of spending time with her daughter, Annette simply wants to sit with Pierre . . . without being pestered (Rhys 20). While this is enough to make anyone feel neglected, it is when the Jamaicans burn down the Cosways house that we are able to see just how little Antoinette means to her mother. A day after escaping the riot, Antoinette is taken to see her. When Annette notices her daughter, she simply looks from her to the door, waiting for her beloved Pierre to enter. When she is told that her son died in the fire, she flings Antoinette from her and screams No, no, no . . . why did you bring the child to make trouble , trouble, trouble (Rhys 48). Annette eventually goes mad over Pierres death, and abandons her daughter. Due to the patriarchal society in which she lives, Annette cannot bring herself to care as deeply for Antoinette as she does for Pierre, for Pierre can offer her the security that she seeks. As a result of the neglect and abandonment that Antoinette suffers, she views herself as a victim of her own culture.Lucy, on the other hand, refuses to brand herself with the term victim. While she too has been oppressed on the basis of her gender, she does not allow these experiences to define her as a person. While growing up in Antigua, Lucy and her mother enjoyed a good relationship. However, after Lucy was blessed with two brothers, the situation soon changed. Her brothers became the agents in all of her mothers dreams. They are the ones who will grow up to become prestigious doctors. Since Lucys brothers are male, they are the ones who will be able to take care of and support their mother later on in life. However, this does not make Lucy feel worthless. Instead, it motivates her to make something out of her life.Not only are Antoinette and Lucy oppressed because of their gender, but because of their race and class as well. Antoinette grows up in a predominantly black society; the only Caucasian people living there are the rich descendants of the plantation owners. While Antoinettes family is a product of colonialism, they do not reap any of the benefits, such as money and power. As a matter of fact, in the beginning of the novel, they are no richer than the black Jamaicans, and thus do not fit in with the rich white class, who, according to Antoinettes friend Tia, are real white people, [with] gold money. When Tia, who is a black Jamaican, tells Antoinette that she and her family are nothing but white nigger[s] now, it is obvious that the townspeople have no respect for the Cosway family (Rhys 24). Children constantly taunt Antoinette: White cock roach, go away, go away. Nobody want you. Go away (Rhys 23). Her family is nothing but a joke to the Jamaicans, who laugh and sneer at Annette and eventually poison her horse so that she has no transportation to town and must stay near her house. While Antoinette feels victimized by the Jamaicans, she realizes that they pose no real threat to her security.However, when Annette marries rich Mr. Mason, the situation changes. No longer is Antoinettes family considered the fallen mighty; nor are they simply considered a joke. Now they are part of the rich, white class, and stand as representatives of their ancestors who owned the plantations on which the Jamaicans once worked as slaves. Annette realizes that her family must be extremely careful because of their regained wealth. Yet, Mr. Mason underestimates the situation in Jamaica, and thus, to his dismay, does not share his wifes wariness. Annette constantly asks her husband if the family can leave Coulibri, the town in which they live, on the grounds that the people [there] hate [them] (Rhys 32). She realizes that when they were poor they were simply something to laugh at, and now that they are no longer poor, they are no longer safe. The Jamaicans now talk about [them] without stopping. They invent stories about [Mr. Mason] and lies about [Annette]. However, when Annette reveals this to her husband, he replies that the Jamaicans are simply curious and too damn lazy to be dangerous (Rhys 32). It is this underestimation of the Jamaicans by Mr. Mason that eventually leads to the riot in which the Jamaicans burn down his familys house. First Antoinette is victimized because of her poverty, and then she is victimized because of her wealth.While Antoinette faces discrimination as a creole woman in a majority population of Jamaicans, Lucy faces discrimination as a West Indian in a majority population of Caucasians. Even her employers African-American maid, who has origins somewhat similar to Lucys, is quick to criticize her:She said that I spoke like a nun, I walked like one also, and that everything about me was so pious that it made her feel at once sick to her stomach and sick with pity just to look at me. (Kincaid 11)However, instead of feeling stupid and worthless, Lucy responds to these insults by displaying pride in her heritage. While she is faced with many racial stereotypes, she stays true to herself and her history. After the maid is finished blatantly criticizing Lucy, she suggests that they dance, even though she is quite sure [Lucy does not] know how. When she plays an album sung by three white singers, Lucy bursts out with an energetic calypso about a girl who ran away to Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, and had a good time, with no regrets (Kincaid 12). She is not ashamed of her origins, but rather takes pride in them. Lucy is determined to be an agent rather than a passive receiver (Ferguson 52). She refuses to allow the circumstances in which she is placed to defi ne her. When she travels to Manhattan from her native country of Antigua she stays in a box in which cargo traveling a long way should be shipped (Kincaid 53). While Antoinette would accept this, Lucy strongly states I [am] not cargo (Kincaid 7). In her essay, Lucy and the Mark of the Colonizer, Moira Ferguson states that from the beginning, whether consciously or not, Lucy sets out to undermine metropolitan authority and asserts her right to contest it (52).There are many times in Antoinettes and Lucys lives in which identities are offered to them by others. In Wide Sargasso Sea, Rochester refuses to accept Antoinette for who she is. His insistence on calling her by another name represents this. In response to a question, Rochester replies, Certainly, I will, my dear Bertha. Antoinette tells him Not Bertha tonight, but when he tells her Of course, on this of all nights, you must be Bertha, she gives in and obediently replies As you wish (Rhys 136). Since she has internalize d the victimization of her past, she is unable to find the strength to stand up to her oppressive husband.Lucy, on the other hand, rejects the available identities offered to her by her mother , the British Empire, her well-meaning employer Mariah, and her employers African-American maid (Simmons 121). Her mother attempts to mold her daughter into who she wants her to be, and to want to have what she wants her to have: A career as a nurse; a sense of duty to [her] parents; [and] obedience to the law and worship of convention (Kincaid 133). Yet, Lucy refuses to allow her mother to be in charge of her own identity. Since she does not share the same dream as her mother, she pursues her own. She gives up on going to nursing school at night, and rejects her conventional upbringing by becoming promiscuous. Lucy makes the decision to define her own destiny.In addition to her mother attempting to push an identity upon Lucy, the British empire does as well. As a subject under Britain rule, Lucy studies such literature as Miltons Paradise Lost. Through reading this and other British works, the idea is planted in Lucys head that beauty consists of blue eyes and white skin. However, she does not allow this idea to label her as ugly. Instead, she finds beauty in her brown skin and course, kinky hair. Lucy has the strength to refuse the ideas being forced upon her by her colonizers, and allows herself to define her own ideals. She is not afraid to stand up for what she believes in either. At age fourteen she stand[s] up in choir practice and [announces] that [she does] not wish to sing Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves; Britons never, never shall be slaves, making it quite clear that she is not Briton, given the fact that not too long ago she would have been a slave (Kincaid 135).Lucys employer, Mariah, also attempts to mold her into who she wants her to be. Mariah believes that her view of the world is correct, and cannot fathom that it should be any other way. As a young child in Antigua, Lucy is forced to memorize Wordsworths poem in which he discusses the beauty of daffodils. However, Lucy does not see daffodils as a sign of beauty, but rather as a sign of oppression. This fact is made quite clear in the dream she has the night after she must recite the poem in front of the entire school:I dreamt, continuously it seemed, that I was being chased down a narrow cobbled street by bunches and bunches of . . . daffodils, . . . and when finally I fell down from exhaustion they all piled on top of me, until I was buried deep underneath them and was never seen again. (Kincaid 18)Mariah is persistent in trying to force the beauty of daffodils upon Lucy. She does not realize that, to Lucy, they represent something too horrible to be beautiful. However, Lucy does not allow Mariahs beliefs to become her own. Despite hearing of Lucys dream, Mariah brings her to a garden full of the dreaded flowers. She says to Lucy, Im sorry about t he poem, but Im hoping youll find them lovely all the same (Kincaid 29). She is so sure that the world is how she sees it, that she continues to attempt to make Lucy see it the same way. Yet, Lucy refuses to allow her to do this. She replies, Mariah, do you realize that at ten years of age I had to learn by heart a long poem about some flowers I would not see in real life until I was nineteen? (Kincaid 30). Lucy is taught that Britain is a glorious and beautiful country, and that Antiguas beauty has no hope of measuring up to it. However, she refuses to accept this, along with Mariahs ideas of beauty. Instead, Lucy finds the strength to live by her own standards of beauty.Despite all of the oppression Lucy must endure, she remains a strong and independent individual, with a job and an apartment of her own. She has the ability to do what suits [her]. . . , as long as [she can] pay for it (Kincaid). However, Antoinette handles her oppressive circumstances differently. She bel ieves that since she always has been a victim, she will remain a victim, and there is no point in trying to overcome it. It is because of this that she is driven into madness.Because of her failure as a strong individual, Antoinette is unable to escape from her oppressive husband. When he learns of her past, out of complete embarrassment he immediately moves her to England. There, Antoinette is locked up in the attic and hidden from the outside world. Now she is trapped; it is too late to escape. Eventually, Antoinette is forced into madness. She sits shivering and she is so thin (Rhys 177). She is drunk more often that not. At the very end of the novel, she lights the house on fire. Antoinette sees no way out, for she believes that once a victim, always a victim. By accepting everything that comes her way, she becomes an extremely passive person, allowing herself to be victimized again and again. If Antoinette defined herself as more than simply a victim, then she would have been able to find happiness. But since she has internalized the victimization of her youth, she is destined to always be a victim.In Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette views herself as a victim due to the historical and cultural circumstances in which she grows up. As she becomes older, she allows these experiences to define her as a person. The title character in Kincaids Lucy faces similar circumstances, yet she refuses to allow them to dictate her identity. It is for this reason that while Antoinette is driven into madness, Lucy is able to build an independent life for herself.Works CitedFerguson, Moira. Lucy and the Mark of the Colonizer. Jamaica Kincaid. Philadelphica: Chelsea House Publishers, 1998.Kincaid, Jamaica. Lucy. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1990.Rhys Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. New York: W. W. Norton Company Inc., 1966.Savory, Elaine. Jean Rhys. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Simmons, Diane. Jamaica Kincaid. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994.

Supplementary/Free Downloads

Supplementary/Free Downloads To download e-books that are included with your hardcopy book, please follow the directions below:(If you purchased the hardcopy books through the IEW website, the supplementary/free e-books are under your "Files" tab.) To access your downloads, you will need to have an account on our website and be logged in. If you've never created an account before, click here to do so, and then return to this page once you are logged in. Find the copyright page in the front of your book and look for the website link. Open your favorite web browser (Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, Safari, etc.), type the link into the address bar, and hit "Enter." This link will add the e-books to your account. For books published by a company other than IEW, or for products that do not have copyright pages (i.e. DVDs or CDs), please find the download link location in the list below: SBC-DO - Speech Boot Camp (on the back of the case or on each disc) TIPS - Tips Tricks for Teaching through the Nine Units DVD (on disc) SSO - Structure and Style Overview ® DVD (on disc) TJE products - Thomas Jefferson Education products (on sticker behind front or back cover) GPP - A Writer’s Guide to Powerful Paragraphs (on sticker behind front or back cover)

Analysis of the Poem Autobiography - 1052 Words

Analysis by N. Mohsin Autobiography, by Louis MacNeice In my childhood trees were green And there was plenty to be seen. Come back early or never come. My father made the walls resound, He wore his collar the wrong way round. Come back early or never come. My mother wore a yellow dress; Gentle, gently, gentleness. Come back early or never come. When I was five the black dreams came; Nothing after was quite the same. Come back early or never come. The dark was talking to the dead; The lamp was dark beside my bed. Come back early or never come. When I woke they did not care; Nobody, nobody was there. Come back early or never come. When my silent terror cried, Nobody, nobody replied. Come back†¦show more content†¦When I woke they did not care; Nobody, nobody was there. He expresses his feeling of still being a child and finding his mother or anyone to care for him. The tone is that of a typical child complaining at the absence of his mother By his bedside when he wakes up. Repetition of nobody reinforces and adds to the tone of loneliness and hopelessness he feels. When my silent terror cried, Nobody, nobody replied. The poet expresses his feeling of fear and anguish using an oxymoron- silent and cried The use of two contradictory words in the same phrase also adds to the sense of turmoil in this young childs mind. And once again instilling the feeling of loneliness by repeating the word nobody. The use of the word cried creates an auditory image that evokes emotions in the mind of the reader at the realisation of a child experiencing this immense loss. The poet gradually builds up emotions in the reader to a point that the child cant take it any more . I got up; the chilly sun Saw me walk away alone. This final couplet is very different from the rest of the poem, it begins with immediate action I got up, followed by an oxymoron - chilly sun again suggesting the conflict in his mind. Followed by a re-reminder of being alone and no one to see him go. These final two lines suggest his decision to get away and that too into loneliness. ThroughShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Analysis – Amazing Grace747 Words   |  3 PagesThe Analysis – Amazing Grace Kiel Carino ENG 125 Professor Olabisi Adenekan October 29, 2012 The Analysis – Amazing Grace The poetry â€Å"Amazing Grace† by John Newton is one of the most famous poems ever written and composed. â€Å"Amazing Grace† has been particularly influential and has affected lives since it was written. The reasons why â€Å"Amazing Grace† is influential are for the same reasons why I found this poem very interesting and engagingRead MoreMaya Angelou : An Influential Voices Of Modern Society Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesContinuing her success, Maya became the first African-American woman to have her screenplay turned into a film, the Pulitzer Prize nominated film, Georgia, Georgia. Maya Angelou published a total of 7 autobiographies, 3 books of essays and numerous books of poetry over many decades. 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Easy and Quick Homemade Silly Putty Recipes

Silly Putty was invented in 1943 when an engineer accidentally dropped boric acid into silicone oil. It made its big debut at the International Toy Fair in New York in 1950, packaged in plastic eggs to be sold as an Easter novelty item. Since then, Silly Putty has remained a popular science toy! While you probably dont have the ingredients to make the original Silly Putty polymer, there are a couple of silly putty recipes that use common household ingredients. Silly Putty Recipe #1 The first recipe is a stiff type of slime that resemble putty: 1/4 cup glue3/8 cup water (1/4 cup water plus 1/8 cup water)1 tablespoon borax 1. Mix together 1/4 cup glue and 1/4 cup water. Add food coloring if you want colored Silly Putty. 2. In a separate container, dissolve 1 tablespoon borax in 1/8 cup water. 3. Stir the borax mixture and glue mixture together to make the putty. If the Silly Putty is too sticky, you can add more borax one teaspoon at a time to stiffen the mixture. Silly Putty Recipe #2 This recipe relies on polymerization between starch and glue. This recipe produces putty with a nice workable consistency: 1/4 cup liquid starch1/4 cup glue 1. Mix the liquid starch and glue together. Add food coloring, if desired. 2. If the Silly Putty is too sticky, add more liquid starch until you get the consistency you want. How to Store Homemade Silly Putty There are many fun activities to try with the putty, plus you can keep it for later use. Store homemade Silly Putty in a sealed plastic container. Putting the container in the refrigerator helps prevent mold from growing on the putty.

School Curriculums Should Cover Four Main Areas - 1980 Words

A B C D E F G, Next time won’t you sing with me?’ Oh the alphabet song the one we all know by heart. One of the first songs learned. One’s preschool teacher probably also taught that A is for Apple and B is for Ball. It’s difficult at a young age to perceive the responsibilities and aspects of a preschool teacher. There’s more to a preschool teacher then just fun and games, an adolescent’s safety, learning, and nutrition play a major role in their daily lives. Curriculum is content and experiences offered by a school. A preschool curriculum help children prepare for kindergarten by preparing and developing early literacy skills as well as social skills and many more. Florida Department of Education states pre- school curriculums should cover four main areas which are: Physical Development, Social and Emotional Development, Language, Communication and Lliteracy, and Cognitive Development. Physical development should work on building fine and g ross motor skills. 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Raising The Minimum Wage Will Reduce Poverty Essay

Furman, Jason, and Sharon Parrot. Raising the Minimum Wage Will Reduce Poverty. Poverty. Ed. Viqi Wagner. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from A $7.25 Minimum Wage Would Be a Useful Step in Helping Working Families Escape Poverty. www.cbpp.org. 2007. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 9 Nov. 2015 Jason Furman and Parrot Sharon explain why raising minimum wage will help families. The wage has to be elevated to just the point where a family can actually afford all the necessities they need in order to survive. The cost of living in houses for poor people makes it difficult for them to afford it and is difficult to stay on task with all the bills. Many minimum wage workers have families to support. The cost of raising children is very expensive. It is an average of $7,100 per year. Minimum wage workers can barely afford to pay child care for one child, let alone two. 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Othello And Hamlet Compariaon And Contrast Essay Example For Students

Othello And Hamlet Compariaon And Contrast Essay The plays Othello and Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, have many similarities and differences. Two main characters Iago, of Othello, and Hamlet, of Hamlet, can be compared and contrasted through characterization. Characterization is the represention of characteristics or motives of a character. Both characters have different character traits which make them truly different from one another, but their ending resolutions are remarkably the same. In Othello, Iago is a very manipulative and cunning character. Iagos entire scheme begins when Cassio is given the position that Iago wanted. Iago then comes up with numerous ideas and plots to steal the position he feels he most deserves. Iago deceis, steals, and kills to gain that position. Iago lies to his loved ones including his wife and friends. Iago tricks Othello into beleiving that his own wife, Desdemona, is having an affair, without any concrete proof. Othello is so caught up in Iagos ls that he refuses to believe Desdemona wh en she denies the whole thing. Iago also manages to steal from his own friend, Roderigo, without feeling guilty. He uses the money that Roderigo gives him to try and win over Desdemona. When Roderigo discovers thIago has been using his money he screams at Iago and threatens to kill him. However, Iago being very manipulative tells makes up a plot that involves Roderigo to capture the heart of Desdemona. Roderigo believes Iago and forgets about Iago stealing hisoney. Iagos plan is for Roderigo to kill Cassio. At the ending of the play, Iagos plot is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago realizes that his plot has been revealed and sees his wife as an obstacle and an annoying person who has let t his secret, so he kills her. Iagos merciless taking of Emilia, his wife, and Roderigo, his friend, lives is another one of Iagos characteristic of a an immoral human being whos main concern is to protect himself. On the other hand, in Hamlet, Hamleis the perfect example of the tr agic hero. Hamlet has all the good traits needed to be a tragic hero. He is brave and daring. One example of this is that when he went to England, he was taking a big risk. If his plan didnt work, he would have been execed. Hamlet is also loyal. His loyalty to his father, was the reason he was so angry at Claudius and his Mother. Claudius married King Hamlets wife shortly after King Hamlets death. Another trait of Hamlet was that he was intelligent. He was able to tnk up the idea of faking insanity, in order to get more information about Claudius. But Hamlet like all other tragic heros had a flaw. He couldnt get around to doing anything, because he couldnt move on. It took him a long time to stop grieving aboutis father, because he didnt want to move past that part of his life. And after he finally did, Hamlet couldnt get around to killing Claudius. He kept pretending he was insane even after he was sure that Claudius killed his father. When Hamlet was chalnged to a fencing match ag ainst a chosen opponent from the king Hamlet agrees. Finally, Hamlet is in a state of peace and readiness, accepting his fate. Hamlet has been through a lot in his lifetime. He has been deceived, lied to, and lost the ones he htruly loved. The plays Othello and Hamlet can be compared through their characterization of characters. The final resolutions in both plays seemed to have the same bloody effects of death. In Othello, Iagos manipulative characteristic led him to death. Iagos manipative plot of deceit, betrayal, and turmoil led him to his downfall when his plot was revealed. Iagos manipulative plot led to the death of many characters in the play. Desdemona died because her husband did not believe that she was being loyal to him ter Iago proclaimed that she was cheating on Othello. Emilia, Iagos wife, died because she revealed Iagos plot. Roderigo died because he was used and manipulated by Iago. And finally Othello died because he was tricked, by Iago, into believing things thout any known proof. In Hamlet, Hamlets vengenance for his fathers murderer led him to kill Laertes. Gertrude, Hamlets mother, dies after she accidentally drinks a poisoned glass. After Hamlet sees Gertrude has died, he forces Claudius to dri nk theemaining poison. Hamlet dies after he is told by the dieing Laertas that the sword was poisoned and Hamlet has only thirty minutes to live. In both plays each characters motives, actions and characteristic traits had equal and similair results, death. In Shakespeares plays he often creates a straight forward atmosphere in which the reader can differentiate from good and evil. He shows this characteristic through his characters in the way they act and their motives. For example Hamlets actions show that he is a loyal and faithful person. While Claudius actions show us that he is very cunning and sly, only looking to gain power. A.C. Bradley was a literary critic who criticized and analyzed many works of Shakespeare including Othello and Hamlet. his temperament the Elizabethans would have called melancholic. Next, we cannot be mistaken in attributing to him an exquisite sensibility to which we may give the name moral. To the very end, his soul, however sick and tortured it may b e, ansrs instantaneously when good and evil are presented to it, loving the one and hating the other. A.C. Bradley shows that Shakespeare often has very villainous characters and hero type characters that allows the readers to differentiate from the villns and the heroes. In conclusion, these two plays, Othello and Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare have proven their comparisons and contrasting points very well. Both plays have their similarities in their own way, but there are differences that virtually make the bootruly unique. Shakespeare Essays